Short-term microbal community reassembly and sediment-driven water quality pulses following a managed weir opening in the Nakdong River

Managed weir openings in South Korea’s Nakdong River triggered acute, short-term water quality pulses and microbial community reorganization. Opening the gates mobilized settled sediments, causing sharp increases in suspended solids, total phosphorus, and COD. Concurrently, microbial communities shifted from eutrophic-associated taxa toward flow-adapted and sediment-associated assemblages, while functional predictions indicated enhanced nitrogen cycling.