The article examines AI’s potential in early warning, pollution-linked disease prediction, and data-driven policymaking, while emphasising the need for ethical, transparent, and inclusive deployment. AI is transforming India’s environmental health governance by shifting from reactive crisis response to anticipatory risk assessment. Initiatives like the IndiaAI Mission leverage machine learning and satellite data to forecast pollution and detect disease outbreaks with high accuracy. While these tools can expose environmental injustices, they also present ethical risks regarding surveillance, algorithmic bias, and high energy consumption. Ultimately, AI’s success depends on ethical governance and democratic oversight to ensure it fosters health equity.
